Step 1: Volume Calculation

We calculate the volume by multiplying Length × Width × Thickness. Thickness is converted from inches to feet (÷ 12), then the result is converted from cubic feet to cubic meters (× 0.0283168).

Step 2: Dry Volume Adjustment

We add 54% to the wet volume to get the dry volume of materials needed. This accounts for voids and compaction in the mixture.

Step 3: Material Distribution

Based on the cement:sand ratio (1:5), we distribute the dry volume proportionally:

• Cement: Volume × Cement ratio ÷ Total parts × 1440 kg/m³ (cement density)
• Sand: Volume × Sand ratio ÷ Total parts × 1600 kg/m³ (sand density)
• Water: Approximately 20% of cement weight for proper hydration

Key Assumptions

• • Cement density: 1440 kg/m³
• • Sand density: 1600 kg/m³
• • Water-cement ratio: 0.2 (20% by weight)
• • Standard cement bag: 50 kg
• • Dry volume factor: 1.54 (54% increase)