Step 1: Volume Calculation

We calculate the concrete volume by multiplying Length × Width × Thickness. Thickness is converted from inches to feet (÷ 12), then converted to cubic meters and yards.

Step 2: Concrete Grade & Mix Ratio

Based on M20 grade concrete, we use the mix ratio 1:1.5:3 (Cement:Sand:Aggregate). Different grades have different strength requirements and applications.

Step 3: Dry Volume Adjustment

We add 54% to the wet volume to get the dry volume of materials needed. This accounts for voids and compaction in the concrete mixture.

Step 4: Material Distribution

Based on the 1:1.5:3 ratio, we distribute the dry volume proportionally among cement, sand, and aggregate:

• Cement: 8 bags (380.58 kg)
• Sand: 14 cubic feet
• Aggregate: 28 cubic feet
• Water: 171.26 liters (0.45 water-cement ratio)

Key Assumptions

• • Cement density: 1440 kg/m³
• • Water-cement ratio: 0.45
• • Dry volume factor: 1.54 (54% increase)
• • Standard cement bag: 50 kg
• • Cost estimates: Cement ₹400/bag, Sand ₹50/cft, Aggregate ₹60/cft